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The AVR is a microcontroller developed by Atmel. Its an 8-bit RISC µController based on the Harvard architecture which physically seperates the data storage memory (RAM) and the program code memory (Flash-ROM ). AVRs are classified into few family groups which differentiate in the amount of memory, I/O pins, additional instruction sets,… but they are all based on the same AVR core which makes it easier to reuse code (ATtiny, ATmega,…).
Atmel provides AVR Studio, a free development envoirement for writing and debugging assembler applications which includes a software simulator as well.
You can write applications using Assembler, C (avr-gcc) or Basic (bascom) .
For more information about AVR µControllers visit the wikipedia avr article or visit Atmel AVR.
I am using a 40 pin ATmega16 which comes with 16kB Flash-ROM, 1kB SRAM, 256B EEPROM with a price about 3€. There is also an ATmega32 which has more memory than the ATmega16 and it costs just few € more so its better to buy the 32 version straight away.
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